Amounts are rounded to the nearest million yen. "Nationwide" excludes junior colleges, vocational schools, colleges of technology, research institutions, and other similar institutions.

"Joint Research" refers to research and development conducted jointly by universities and private companies or other organizations, with the latter covering the costs incurred by the universities.

"Joint research funding received from private companies" is rounded to the nearest million yen, while "Joint research funding per project from private companies" is rounded to the nearest thousand yen. Institutions with fewer than 10 projects are excluded.

Comparisons are made among nine universities: Designated National University Corporations (excluding Hitotsubashi University and Tokyo Medical and Dental University) and Hokkaido University. Amounts are rounded to the nearest million yen.

"Sponsored Research" refers to research and development commissioned by private companies or other organizations, conducted primarily by universities, with the costs covered by the commissioning organizations.

"Sponsored research funding per project from private companies" is rounded to the nearest thousand yen. Institutions with fewer than 10 projects are excluded.